Regularly in our foreman + puppet environment, we see this type of query hitting mysql:

SELECT MAX(`audits`.`version`) AS max_id FROM `audits`  WHERE `audits`.`auditable_id` = 7555 AND `audits`.`auditable_type` = 'LookupKey';

With the default indexes that ship with foreman, these queries can take upwards of 13 seconds to process, and under periods of heavy load (i.e. when foreman is cleaning up its reports/logs table), this can take even longer:

+--------+
| max_id |
+--------+
| 117292 |
+--------+
1 row in set (13.44 sec)

Our environment has quite a few audits from 2064 hosts:

select count(*) from audits;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 29872974 |
+----------+
1 row in set (13.18 sec)

After analyzing the query, I realized that the index that ships by default with foreman is not optimized for the query that is being performed; for a max() where a = x and b = y, you'd expect a perfect index to be (a, b, max_column). So I added that to our foreman db and saw these results:

+--------+
| max_id |
+--------+
| 117292 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

And as can be seen from the query analysis, it no longer has to hit the table at all to get the single result this query delivers:

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                        |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | NULL  | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | Select tables optimized away |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

Fixing this should just be a case of updating the index to be:

`auditable_index` (`auditable_id`,`auditable_type`,`version`)