Would you be OK with your interfaces having names like "Red Hat VirtIO Ethernet Adapter 5". Asking because as you say, in Linux, it's quite different. We may have

"ansible_interfaces": [ "lo", "eth0" ]
"ansible_eth0": {
            "active": true,
            "device": "eth0",
            "features": {
                "busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
                "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
                "generic_receive_offload": "on",
                "generic_segmentation_offload": "off [requested on]",
                "highdma": "on [fixed]",
                "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
                "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
                "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
                "loopback": "off [fixed]",
                "netns_local": "off [fixed]",
                "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
                "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
                "rx_all": "off [fixed]",
                "rx_checksumming": "on",
                "rx_fcs": "off [fixed]",
                "rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]",
                "rx_vlan_offload": "on",
                "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
                "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
                "scatter_gather": "off",
                "tcp_segmentation_offload": "off",
                "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off",
                "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_checksumming": "off",
                "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_lockless": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_mpls_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_nocache_copy": "off",
                "tx_scatter_gather": "off",
                "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off",
                "tx_tcp_segmentation": "off",
                "tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                "tx_vlan_offload": "on",
                "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
                "udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]",
                "vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]" 
            },
            "hw_timestamp_filters": [],
            "ipv4": {
                "address": "192.168.121.27",
                "broadcast": "192.168.121.255",
                "netmask": "255.255.255.0",
                "network": "192.168.121.0" 
            },
            "ipv6": [
                {
                    "address": "fe80::5054:ff:fe30:e5ab",
                    "prefix": "64",
                    "scope": "link" 
                }
            ],
            "macaddress": "52:54:00:30:e5:ab",
            "module": "8139cp",
            "mtu": 1500,
            "pciid": "0000:00:03.0",
            "promisc": false,
            "speed": 100,
            "timestamping": [
                "rx_software",
                "software" 
            ],
            "type": "ether" 
        }

As far as I understand from your facts, all of these are IPs for "Red Hat VirtIO Ethernet Adapter 5"?

"ansible_ip_addresses": [
"192.168.0.161",
"fe80::700f:67a2:7965:2fa0",
"2001:7b8:3:1000:700f:67a2:7965:2fa0" 
]

Do you have a fact "ansible_domain" too?

oot@vm01 log]# ansible windows -m setup  -i /root/hosts.ceph 
win01 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_architecture": "64-bit", 
        "ansible_bios_date": "03/31/2014", 
        "ansible_bios_version": "1.11.0-2.el7", 
        "ansible_date_time": {
            "date": "2018-06-14", 
            "day": "14", 
            "epoch": "1528963719.52684", 
            "hour": "08", 
            "iso8601": "2018-06-14T15:08:39Z", 
            "iso8601_basic": "20180614T080839526842", 
            "iso8601_basic_short": "20180614T080839", 
            "iso8601_micro": "2018-06-14T15:08:39.526842Z", 
            "minute": "08", 
            "month": "06", 
            "second": "39", 
            "time": "08:08:39", 
            "tz": "Pacific Standard Time", 
            "tz_offset": "-07:00", 
            "weekday": "Thursday", 
            "weekday_number": "4", 
            "weeknumber": "23", 
            "year": "2018" 
        }, 
        "ansible_distribution": "Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Standard Evaluation", 
        "ansible_distribution_major_version": "10", 
        "ansible_distribution_version": "10.0.14393.0", 
        "ansible_domain": "", 
        "ansible_env": {
            "ALLUSERSPROFILE": "C:\\ProgramData", 
            "APPDATA": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming", 
            "COMPUTERNAME": "WIN-R4GM9HJH13C", 
            "ComSpec": "C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe", 
            "CommonProgramFiles": "C:\\Program Files\\Common Files", 
            "CommonProgramFiles(x86)": "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files", 
            "CommonProgramW6432": "C:\\Program Files\\Common Files", 
            "HOMEDRIVE": "C:", 
            "HOMEPATH": "\\Users\\Administrator", 
            "LOCALAPPDATA": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local", 
            "LOGONSERVER": "\\\\WIN-R4GM9HJH13C", 
            "NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS": "1", 
            "OS": "Windows_NT", 
            "PATHEXT": ".COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC;.CPL", 
            "PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE": "AMD64", 
            "PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER": "Intel64 Family 6 Model 61 Stepping 2, GenuineIntel", 
            "PROCESSOR_LEVEL": "6", 
            "PROCESSOR_REVISION": "3d02", 
            "PROMPT": "$P$G", 
            "PSExecutionPolicyPreference": "Unrestricted", 
            "PSModulePath": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Documents\\WindowsPowerShell\\Modules;C:\\Program Files\\WindowsPowerShell\\Modules;C:\\Windows\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\Modules", 
            "PUBLIC": "C:\\Users\\Public", 
            "Path": "C:\\Windows\\system32;C:\\Windows;C:\\Windows\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\WindowsApps", 
            "ProgramData": "C:\\ProgramData", 
            "ProgramFiles": "C:\\Program Files", 
            "ProgramFiles(x86)": "C:\\Program Files (x86)", 
            "ProgramW6432": "C:\\Program Files", 
            "SystemDrive": "C:", 
            "SystemRoot": "C:\\Windows", 
            "TEMP": "C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp", 
            "TMP": "C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp", 
            "USERDOMAIN": "WIN-R4GM9HJH13C", 
            "USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE": "WIN-R4GM9HJH13C", 
            "USERNAME": "Administrator", 
            "USERPROFILE": "C:\\Users\\Administrator", 
            "windir": "C:\\Windows" 
        }, 
        "ansible_fqdn": "WIN-R4GM9HJH13C.", 
        "ansible_hostname": "WIN-R4GM9HJH13C", 
        "ansible_interfaces": [
            {
                "connection_name": "Ethernet", 
                "default_gateway": "192.168.0.252", 
                "dns_domain": "foo.bar", 
                "interface_index": 5, 
                "interface_name": "Red Hat VirtIO Ethernet Adapter", 
                "macaddress": "00:1A:4A:16:01:09" 
            }
        ], 
        "ansible_ip_addresses": [
            "192.168.0.161", 
            "fe80::700f:67a2:7965:2fa0", 
            "2001:7b8:3:1000:700f:67a2:7965:2fa0" 
        ], 
        "ansible_kernel": "10.0.14393.0", 
        "ansible_lastboot": "2018-06-14 04:22:31Z", 
        "ansible_machine_id": "S-1-5-21-3306178510-2233780695-579177611", 
        "ansible_memtotal_mb": 1023, 
        "ansible_nodename": "WIN-R4GM9HJH13C.", 
        "ansible_os_family": "Windows", 
        "ansible_os_name": "Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Standard Evaluation", 
        "ansible_owner_contact": "", 
        "ansible_owner_name": "Windows User", 
        "ansible_powershell_version": 5, 
        "ansible_processor": [
            "GenuineIntel", 
            "Intel Core Processor (Broadwell)" 
        ], 
        "ansible_processor_cores": 1, 
        "ansible_processor_count": 1, 
        "ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 1, 
        "ansible_processor_vcpus": 1, 
        "ansible_product_name": "oVirt Node", 
        "ansible_product_serial": "DEB2740A-0A48-11E8-9BB7-901B0EF8E955", 
        "ansible_reboot_pending": false, 
        "ansible_swaptotal_mb": 0, 
        "ansible_system": "Win32NT", 
        "ansible_system_description": "", 
        "ansible_system_vendor": "oVirt", 
        "ansible_uptime_seconds": 13570, 
        "ansible_user_dir": "C:\\Users\\Administrator", 
        "ansible_user_gecos": "", 
        "ansible_user_id": "Administrator", 
        "ansible_user_sid": "S-1-5-21-3306178510-2233780695-579177611-500", 
        "ansible_win_rm_certificate_expires": "2021-06-09 01:33:12", 
        "ansible_windows_domain": "WORKGROUP", 
        "ansible_windows_domain_member": false, 
        "ansible_windows_domain_role": "Stand-alone server", 
        "gather_subset": [
            "all" 
        ], 
        "module_setup": true
    }, 
    "changed": false
}
500 Server Error: Internal Server Error
[root@vm01 log]# 

These are the facts that ansible -m setup produces. I don't mind the naming of the nic because thats changable in Windows.

I have the same problem, it only works for me if I use:

ansible -m setup -i hosts_pre -a 'gather_subset=!network'

Further discussion:

https://community.theforeman.org/t/ansible-callback-with-windows-openssh-server-produces-a-500-server-error-internal/25689

I am going to propose to disable fact NIC parsing of Windows for now until we fully implement this.