Occurs on PostgreSQL, not SQLite.
It looks like the ID is generated in the SQL instead of using a sequence, which ends up with a duplicate? In this example, I already had a single domain with ID=1, added a second (foo.example.com) within an org/loc context and the same ID was assigned.
SQL (2.2ms) INSERT INTO "domains" ("created_at", "dns_id", "fullname", "hostgroups_count", "hosts_count", "id", "name", "updated_at") VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8) RETURNING "id" [["created_at", Thu, 20 Mar 2014 08:24:47 UTC +00:00], ["dns_id", nil], ["fullname", ""], ["hostgroups_count", 0], ["hosts_count", 0], ["id", 1], ["name", "foo.example.com"], ["updated_at", Thu, 20 Mar 2014 08:24:47 UTC +00:00]]
PGError: ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "domains_pkey"
: INSERT INTO "domains" ("created_at", "dns_id", "fullname", "hostgroups_count", "hosts_count", "id", "name", "updated_at") VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8) RETURNING "id"
(0.1ms) ROLLBACK
Operation FAILED: ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "domains_pkey"
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:1171:in `get_last_result'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:1171:in `exec_cache'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:665:in `block in exec_query'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:280:in `block in log'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:275:in `log'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:663:in `exec_query'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:63:in `exec_insert'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:90:in `insert'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:14:in `insert'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/relation.rb:66:in `insert'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:366:in `create'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb:57:in `create'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:268:in `block in create'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:403:in `_run__3837851857623516097__create__137576595651868549__callbacks'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `__run_callback'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:385:in `_run_create_callbacks'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:81:in `run_callbacks'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:268:in `create'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:347:in `create_or_update'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:264:in `block in create_or_update'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:425:in `_run__3837851857623516097__save__137576595651868549__callbacks'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `__run_callback'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:385:in `_run_save_callbacks'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activesupport-3.2.8/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:81:in `run_callbacks'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:264:in `create_or_update'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:84:in `save'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/validations.rb:50:in `save'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:22:in `save'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:241:in `block (2 levels) in save'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:295:in `block in with_transaction_returning_status'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:192:in `transaction'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:208:in `transaction'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:293:in `with_transaction_returning_status'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:241:in `block in save'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:252:in `rollback_active_record_state!'
/opt/rh/ruby193/root/usr/share/gems/gems/activerecord-3.2.8/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:240:in `save'
/usr/share/foreman/app/controllers/domains_controller.rb:16:in `create'