h1. API v2 Development Guidelines

h2. Documentation

Foreman's API uses "ApiPie":https://github.com/Apipie/apipie-rails documentation framework. Our cli project "Hammer":https://github.com/theforeman/hammer-cli relies heavily on the data exported from the documentation. It is therefore important to keep the documentation consistent.

h3. Basic ApiPie features

Please see "ApiPie's official documentation":https://github.com/Apipie/apipie-rails#documentation to get to know the basics of it's dsl language.

h3. Available parameter types

ApiPie uses validators for checking parameter types. Although this feature is currently disabled on the server side it's still worth setting the validators correctly. Firstly the validator description propagates to the html rendered docs and makes it easier to understand the parameters (e.g. the docs list all acceptable values for enum types). Secondly hammer CLI reuses the validator information when validating command line options.

There are some frequent validators that are worth mentioning:

|_. name |_. validator                |_. description                     |_. example usage |

| Type   | String, Fixnum, :bool, ... | simply checks if the type matches | <pre><code class="ruby">

param :name, String,

  :required => true,

  :desc => N_("Interface name")</code></pre> |

| Enum   | any array of values        | check if parameter value is included in a given array | <pre><code class="ruby">

param :mode, Nic::Bond::MODES</code></pre> |

| Hash   | Hash                       | allows to describe inner fields of the hash | <pre><code class="ruby">

param :interface, Hash do

    param :mac, String

    param :ip, String

end</code></pre> |

| Array  | Array                      | can check for types (:of) and values (:in) of the items | <pre><code class="ruby">

param :colors, Array,

  :of => String,

  :in => ["red", "green", "blue"]</code></pre> |

See "ApiPie's docs":https://github.com/Apipie/apipie-rails#validators more validators.

h3. Required options

Unfortunately ApiPie does not allow to specify conditional requirements or dependencies amongst the parameters. Only a single parameter can be required. This is an important thing to bear in mind. Only the parameters mandatory at any conditions can therefore be set as required.

In cases when one parameter depends on another it is a good practice to mention the dependency in the description.

<pre><code class="ruby">

# E.g.

param :type, Nic::TYPES, :required => true, :desc => N_("Interface type, e.g: Nic::BMC")

param :mode, Nic::Bond::MODES, :desc => N_("Bond mode of the interface, e.g. balance-rr. Only for bond interfaces.")

</code></pre>

h3. Description styles

Both action and parameter descriptions should start with capital letters. Because of the lacking conditional requirements it is a good practise to put a note when the parameter is required or allowed only at certain circumstances.

All descriptions must be wrapped with 'N_(...)' to mark them for translation. They are used for building CLI's help.

h3. Available param groups

There are some predefined parameter groups for params commonly used accross the controllers.

|_. group name            |_. usage |

| :pagination             | for index actions, contains fields: page, per_page |

| :search_and_pagination  | for index actions,contains fields: page, per_page, search, order |

| :taxonomies             | for creating/updating taxable resources, contains fields: location_ids, organization_ids |

| :taxonomy_scope         | for index actions scoped in a taxonomy, contains fields: location_id, organization_id |

<pre><code class="ruby">

# Example usage:

param_group :pagination, ::Api::V2::BaseController

</code></pre>

h2. Parameters

h3. Nesting

API parameters related to a resource (usually in create and update actions) need to be nested in a root node named by the resource.

<pre><code class="json">

{

  'architecture': {

    'name': 'i386'

  }

}

</code></pre>

h2. Responses

API uses "rabl":https://github.com/nesquena/rabl/ templating language for describing the output.

The templates are stored in views/api/v2/. All API output should be rendered via templates.

h3. Template file organization

Each resource has two fundamental templates:

* base.json.rabl - Basic info about the resource, contains usually only identifiers. It's used for rendering references to the resource.

* main.json.rabl - Inherits from 'base', contains all attributes apart from references.

In addition tho that resources typically define templates for standard controller actions:

* show.json.rabl - Used for actions show and delete, inherits from 'main' and adds references to related resources.

* index.json.rabl - Used for listing, inherits from 'main'.

* create.json.rabl - Used for create and update actions, inherits from 'show'.

h3. Formatting errors

Errors have also their own rabl layout and templates. Please avoid rendering error jsons directly. Base controller's method

render_error can help selecting correct rabl template.

<pre><code class="ruby">

render_error('unauthorized', :status => :unauthorized, :locals => { :user_login => @user.login })

render_error('unprocessable_entity', :status => :unprocessable_entity)

</code></pre>

Available error templates (placed in views/api/v2/errors/) are:

* access_denied

* not_found

* param_error

* standard_error

* unauthorized

* unprocessable_entity

* unsupported_content_type

h3. Formatting index reponses

Index responses use custom layout with some useful metadata. Standard controllers fill the metadata itself from received parameters and activerecord data.

Corner cases may require to tweak the values by hand. Following controller variables can be set to change the default metadata values:

<pre><code class="ruby">

# Pagination

@total    # total number of items in the collection

@per_page # entries per page, usually set by params[:per_page]

@page     # number of the displayed page

# Search

@subtotal # only for searches, number of items found

@search   # elastic search query

# Ordering

@order # 'ASC', 'DESC'

@by    # field name

</code></pre>

h3. Overriding the default template layout

Index layout is by default used only for actions named 'index'. You can force rabl to use the layout also in other actions that list resources:

<pre><code class="ruby">

render :your_template_for_the_action, :layout => 'api/v2/layouts/index_layout'

</code></pre>